The Mayans were the most advanced civilization in Prwe-Spanish Mexico. The Mayans built hundreds of ceremonial centres and cities, complete with great plazas, palaces, and pyramids, all without the use of metal tools. The Mayans also created masterpieces of sculpture.

As impressive as these accomplishments were, the most remarkable achievements of the Mayans were in the fields of Mathematics, Astronomy, Hieroglyphic writings, and calendrics. Using only fixed lines of sight to study the movements of the moon, planets, and the  sun, the Mayans were able to make accurate astronomical observations.